{"id":2022,"date":"2019-08-21T12:22:11","date_gmt":"2019-08-21T18:22:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/genus-develop.go-vip.co\/pic\/?p=2022"},"modified":"2021-11-17T11:19:39","modified_gmt":"2021-11-17T17:19:39","slug":"robustness-impacts-overall-profitability","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/genus-develop.go-vip.co\/pic\/robustness-impacts-overall-profitability\/","title":{"rendered":"Robustness Impacts Overall Profitability"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Featured in Farm Journal\u2019s PORK<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The term \u201crobustness\u201d means different things to different people, but producers know it\u2019s an important component in raising pigs. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The trait has been described as \u201ca central concept in reconciling productivity and feed efficiency with health, adaptation, welfare and reproduction\u201d (Phocas et al. 2014). In pig breeding, robust pigs were defined by Knap (2005) \u201cas pigs that combine high production potential with resilience to external stressors, allowing for unproblematic expression of high production potential in a wide variety of environmental conditions.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Knap provided examples of robustness traits including pre-weaning survival of piglets and rebreeding success of sows. Additional robustness traits may extend to include survival of growing pigs, disease incidence and possibly maternal genetic components that improve growth and health status of growing pigs. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

William Herring, Ph.D., PIC director of genetic development, sees robustness as the ability of the pig, through genetic improvement, to grow and convert feed, to become a full-value market hog with a low potential for mortality, and to wean many high-quality piglets in the face of normal disease challenges. Robustness is the ability of the pig to be resilient in the face of those conditions, and then extends through finishing in the form of efficienct gain in challenging conditions, he says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From a genetic improvement perspective, Herring puts robustness into three categories: gilt and sow soundness, pre-weaned piglets, and wean-to-finish pigs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sow soundness<\/strong>
\u201cIf you look at one of the primary causes of fallout, and ultimately sow mortality, lameness is one of those causes near the top of the list, regardless of the system,\u201d Herring says.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Factors contributing to lameness may include genetics (heredity), bacterial infections, environment and nutrition, wrote Craig Rowles, DVM, in diagnostic notes for the American Association of Swine Veterinarians. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOsteochondrosis and degenerative joint disease (DJD) are common causes of lameness,\u201d Rowles said. \u201cThese diseases are associated with slippery floors, lack of exercise and rapid growth rate, and cause lameness in animals less than 2 years of age.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Genetic suppliers are working to minimize lameness as a hereditary effect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen we weigh, scan and evaluate underlines, we also score both future parent boars and gilts for front and back leg soundness,\u201d Herring notes. \u201cWe have supportive historical data, and we also have ongoing field trials in large production settings, in which we score animals and track them all the way through to later parities to be sure that our leg scoring system remains effective.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Such factors contribute to pigs weaned per sow per year (PSY), he notes, and other traits like milk production and high-quality underlines are critical.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pre-weaned piglets<\/strong>
Birth weight, liveability and growth rate are key in getting pigs off to a good start at birth.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe look at the ability of the pig to make it to weaning and have a heavy weaning weight,\u201d Herring explains. \u201cWe weigh every individual piglet of our maternal lines at birth, because we know that a higher birth weight sets the table for that piglet\u2019s life.\u201d These pigs grow faster and are more robust post-weaning, giving them a greater probability of becoming a full-value market pig. Weaning weight and milk production also are important measurements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PIC included pre-weaning livability into its breeding objective for all maternal lines in 2013. \u201cWe still want large litters but we also want larger piglets on average at birth,\u201d Herring says. \u201cWithout that, you have the unintended consequence of driving litter size up but farrowing lighter piglets at birth\u2026and we\u2019ve seen positive responses in actual production.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wean-to-finish pigs\u00a0<\/strong>
Pigs that don\u2019t grow fast or can\u2019t remain healthy from wean to finish represent a huge cost to producers. Herring says the company directly tackles the trait of wean-to-finish livability with unique data captured from its genetic nucleus (GN) crossbred program, which began 15 to 20 years ago.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe\u2019re able to trace each pig back to its respective sire and dam, and this creates a data flow that is meant for use in genetic improvement at the elite nucleus sites where the same genes exist,\u201d Herring says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The welfare component<\/strong>
In addition to the direct traits related to livability described above, robustness carries an important animal welfare element. Producers have a responsibility to ensure animals thrive in their environment, that they\u2019re well-cared for, and that they\u2019re in good health, says Dan Hamilton, Ph.D., PIC director of product validation and technical services. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe definitely want to put animal welfare first and foremost,\u201d he says. \u201cAdditionally, it\u2019s a huge economic cost to the producer [if an animal fails to thrive].\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cost associated with producing, maintaining and housing an animal is significant, so every animal must be productive to meet cost demands. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAnytime you have mortality or [morbidity], additional treatments may be needed, so robustness is a big economic driver as well.\u00a0
\u201cAnd don\u2019t forget worker morale,\u201d Hamilton adds. \u201cA robust animal is an animal that is doing well. Workers definitely care about their animals so that\u2019s positive all the way around.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Continual improvement<\/strong>
Pig breeding programs around the world continue to improve both productivity and robustness by extending selection emphasis to a wider range of traits, say the authors of \u201cSelection for productivity and robustness traits in pigs,\u201d (S. Hermesch, L. Li, A. Doeschl-Wilson and H. Gilbert).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNo trait group can be seen in isolation. Further, genetic improvement itself cannot be viewed in isolation and needs to be accompanied by improvement in management strategies,\u201d they said, citing the following four strategies.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1)    Improve on-farm environmental conditions
2)    Facilitate extension of breeding objectives to include further traits that describe productivity and robustness 
3)    Improve the health status of pigs. Information about repeated measures of growth and feed intake, survival of pigs, disease incidence and medication records as well as immune parameters will aid genetic improvement of disease resilience. 
4)    Select for improved disease resistance to reduce pathogen load on farms, and therefore, improve environmental conditions <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Collective progress and value<\/strong>
\u201cThe cost of losing a pig in late finishing is very expensive, relative to the cost invested in that pig,\u201d Herring notes. The same is true for elite replacement gilts, or early parity gilts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt\u2019s not the salvage value of a replacement female or the cost that went into the replacement female,\u201d he continues. \u201cIt\u2019s actually the number of piglets that you\u2019ll not realize in the grow-finish system and that the sow will never produce if she perishes in parity 1. That becomes an extremely large number.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For example, if a producer has a system that\u2019s operating at 32 PSY, and a female leaves the system a year early, that\u2019s a potential loss of 32 market pigs. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cYou see how large the financial impact is when you look at it in those terms. It\u2019s as critical as any trait complex we have in genetic improvement,\u201d Herring adds. \u201cThere\u2019s not a single producer who wants to see an animal die or leave the system too soon. We all want to be good stewards of the animals we raise. That\u2019s an aspect that\u2019s difficult to measure but it\u2019s incredibly important, so genetic improvement goes hand-in-hand with good management.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Featured in Farm Journal\u2019s PORK. The term \u201crobustness\u201d means different things to different people, but producers know it\u2019s an important…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":136,"featured_media":2026,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"abs_type":[],"pro_group":[],"resource-category":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nRobustness Impacts Overall Profitability - PIC North America DEV<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/genus-develop.go-vip.co\/pic\/robustness-impacts-overall-profitability\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Robustness Impacts Overall Profitability\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Featured in Farm Journal\u2019s PORK. 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