{"id":2405,"date":"2020-04-08T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-04-08T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/genus-develop.go-vip.co\/pic-ro\/?post_type=resources&p=2405"},"modified":"2022-02-04T14:59:39","modified_gmt":"2022-02-04T12:59:39","slug":"biosecuritatea-mai-importanta-decat-oricand","status":"publish","type":"resources","link":"https:\/\/genus-develop.go-vip.co\/pic-ro\/resources\/biosecuritatea-mai-importanta-decat-oricand\/","title":{"rendered":"Biosecuritatea: Mai important\u0103 dec\u00e2t oric\u00e2nd"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>
\n

Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce pesta porcin\u0103 african\u0103 (ASF) \u00ee\u0219i continu\u0103 r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea mortal\u0103 \u00een Asia \u0219i Europa, apar tot mai multe discu\u021bii pe tema biosecurit\u0103\u021bii. Chiar \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 aceast\u0103 boal\u0103 fatal\u0103, exist\u0103 o mul\u021bime de provoc\u0103ri pentru protejarea statusului de s\u0103n\u0103tate, care stau la baza necesit\u0103\u021bii unor practici solide de biosecuritate \u00een fiecare ferm\u0103.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u201eBiosecuritatea, printr-o defini\u021bie simpl\u0103, este un mijloc de a preveni r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea agen\u021bilor patogeni dintr-un loc \u00een altul\u201d, spune dr. Andrea Pitkin, medic veterinar \u00een cadrul Serviciilor de asigurare a s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii animale \u00een PIC. Exist\u0103 protocoale \u0219i proceduri care trebuie urmate, iar dr. Pitkin spune c\u0103 biosecuritatea reprezint\u0103 o mentalitate, nu doar o serie de ac\u021biuni. Promovarea unei culturi a biosecurit\u0103\u021bii este cheia succesului pe termen lung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To\u021bi angaja\u021bii fermei au nevoie de o motiva\u021bie puternic\u0103 care spune: \u201eVreau s\u0103 fac aceste lucruri pentru a proteja ferma, animalele \u0219i s\u0103n\u0103tatea mea.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uneori nu reu\u0219im s\u0103 explic\u0103m clar \u201ede ce este biosecuritatea important\u0103\u201d, spune dr. Pitkin. Doar atunci c\u00e2nd ve\u021bi reu\u0219i s\u0103 explica\u021bi \u00een primul r\u00e2nd de ce biosecuritatea este important\u0103, ve\u021bi putea lua m\u0103suri specifice pentru a proteja ferma, angaja\u021bii \u00ee\u0219i vor asuma o responsabilitate mai mare \u0219i vor \u00een\u021belege mai bine de ce ac\u021biunile lor sunt importante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eEste mult mai mult dec\u00e2t un protocol scris\u201d, adaug\u0103 ea. \u201eEste dorin\u021ba \u0219i determinarea de a face ceea ce trebuie pentru a proteja fermele.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Risc ridicat versus risc sc\u0103zut<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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\n

Dr. Pitkin \u0219tie c\u0103 produc\u0103torii nu dispun de resurse nelimitate pentru a investi \u00een biosecuritate, a\u0219a c\u0103 problema se rezum\u0103 de fapt la a lua \u00een considerare scenarii cu risc ridicat \u0219i scenarii cu risc sc\u0103zut. Produc\u0103torii trebuie s\u0103 g\u0103seasc\u0103 cea mai eficient\u0103 cale de utilizare a banilor pentru a investi \u00een condi\u021biile cu cel mai mare risc.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u201e\u00cen ce caz se impune izolarea \u0219i \u00een ce caz se impune decontaminarea? Pute\u021bi ob\u021bine o mul\u021bime de r\u0103spunsuri diferite, dar introducerea de efective noi de animale trebuie s\u0103 fie luat\u0103 \u00een considerare \u00een primul r\u00e2nd „, spune Dr. Pitkin. Toate elementele legate de logistic\u0103 \u0219i transport, de asemenea, trebuie s\u0103 fie bine \u00een\u021belese \u0219i monitorizate. \u00cen al treilea r\u00e2nd, omul reprezint\u0103 un factor de preocupare \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te practicile de biosecuritate, deoarece oamenii reprezint\u0103 vectorul de transmitere a agen\u021bilor patogeni, fiind \u00een contact
cu mi\u0219carea animalelor, c\u00e2t \u0219i cu exteriorul fermei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eProduc\u0103torii trebuie s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 fluxul unit\u0103\u021bii atunci c\u00e2nd analizeaz\u0103 riscurile de biosecuritate. Acestea includ du\u0219ul la intrarea \u00een ferm\u0103, decontaminarea echipamentelor \u0219i materialelor, mi\u0219c\u0103rile de animale \u00een interior \u0219i \u00een afar\u0103 (inclusiv animalele moarte) \u0219i multe altele\u201d, spune Dr. Pitkin. Ea argumenteaz\u0103: \u201eDac\u0103 furajele achizi\u021bionate sunt contaminate sau dac\u0103 agen\u021bii patogeni intr\u0103 prin aerosoli, aceste rute sunt \u00een mare parte \u00een afara controlului personalului fermei. Cu toate acestea, ca proprietar al unei ferme, v\u0103 pute\u021bi ajuta angaja\u021bii s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 factorii cu risc ridicat \u0219i risc redus. Concentra\u021bi-v\u0103 pe controlul riscurilor pe care le pute\u021bi influen\u021ba! \u0218i nu subestima\u021bi riscurile, doar pentru c\u0103 un anumit lucru reprezint\u0103 risc sc\u0103zut, nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 nu exist\u0103 niciun risc\u201d, subliniaz\u0103 ea. \u2018\u2019 \u00cencuraja\u021bi personalul s\u0103 se focuseze pe acele aspecte ce le pot controla din punct de vedere al biosecurita\u021bii, seta\u021bi-v\u0103 un plan pentru situa\u021bii de risc ridicat \u0219i fi\u021bi preocupa\u021bi de situa\u021biile cu risc sc\u0103zut\u2019\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nevoia de izolare<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Dr. Pitkin spune c\u0103 este esen\u021bial ca orice ferm\u0103 care aduce animale vii din surse externe s\u0103 respecte o perioad\u0103 de carantin\u0103 \u0219i de aclimatizare strict\u0103 \u00eenainte de a introduce aceste animale \u00een efectivul fermei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201e\u00cen PIC, ne asum\u0103m o mare responsabilitate \u00een aplicarea unor practici excelente de biosecuritate \u0219i a men\u021bine o genetic\u0103 s\u0103n\u0103toas\u0103. Dar, nu putem exclude c\u0103 \u00een procesul de transfer al animalelor pot ap\u0103rea lucruri neprev\u0103zute \u0219i este esen\u021bial (pentru produc\u0103tori) s\u0103 recunoasc\u0103 faptul c\u0103 orice animal intrat \u00een ferm\u0103 reprezint\u0103 un risc poten\u021bial. Trebuie stabilite perioade de carantin\u0103 \u0219i trebuie respectate programe de aclimatizare \u00eenainte de a introduce acele animale \u00een efectivul principal al fermei\u201d, spune ea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regula general\u0103 este impunerea unei perioade de izolare de 30 de zile. Acest interval de timp este considerat rezonabil \u00een caz de PRRS, coronavirusuri \u0219i al\u021bi agen\u021bi patogeni majori care pot afecta negativ un efectiv. Dr. Pitkin spune c\u0103 devine o practic\u0103 tot mai comun\u0103 ca produc\u0103torii s\u0103 fac\u0103 teste \u00eenainte de intrarea animalelor \u00een efectiv.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unii produc\u0103tori dispun de unit\u0103\u021bi de carantin\u0103 \u00een afara amplasamentului, \u00een timp ce al\u021bii au ales facilit\u0103\u021bi de carantin\u0103 chiar \u00een cadrul fermei. Dr. Pitkin ofer\u0103 argumente pro \u0219i contra pentru ambele op\u021biuni. Este mai u\u0219or s\u0103 \u00eengrije\u0219ti animalele izolate dac\u0103 sunt mai aproape, dar exist\u0103 \u0219anse mai mari de a introduce un agent patogen \u00een efectiv. Unit\u0103\u021bile de carantin\u0103 din afara fermei presupun deplas\u0103ri la \u0219i de la ferm\u0103, \u00eens\u0103 ofer\u0103 mai mult timp de reac\u021bie necesar pentru a elimina animalele dac\u0103 acestea sunt infectate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eAceste op\u021biuni se stabilesc conform practicilor de management \u0219i a metodelor de lucru stabilite de personalul fermei\u201d, spune dr. Pitkin. \u201eCu toate acestea, dac\u0103 v\u0103 afla\u021bi \u00eentr-o zon\u0103 cu densitate mare de efective porcine, ar fi mai sigur\u0103 op\u021biunea de a dispune de o carantin\u0103 \u00een cadrul fermei sau \u00een imediata apropiere.\u201d Pentru carantina \u00een afara fermei, dr. Pitkin afirm\u0103 c\u0103 testarea la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul perioadei de izolare este absolut critic\u0103: este imperios s\u0103 cunoa\u0219te\u021bi starea de s\u0103n\u0103tate a acelor animale la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul perioadei de izolare \u0219i la fel de important este s\u0103 cunoa\u0219te\u021bi starea acestora atunci c\u00e2nd intr\u0103 \u00een ferm\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nu exist\u0103 \u201epractici general valabile\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Fiecare ferm\u0103 este diferit\u0103 \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te gestionarea \u0219i facilit\u0103\u021bile, deci nu exist\u0103 o abordare general\u0103 a biosecurit\u0103\u021bii. Primul pas este con\u0219tientizarea, care a crescut \u00een ultimii ani. Protocoalele de biosecuritate au avansat odat\u0103 cu cuno\u0219tin\u021bele din industrie despre modul \u00een care se r\u0103sp\u00e2ndesc bolile, dar tehnologii noi sunt \u00een mod continuu necesare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>
\n

\u201eNiciodat\u0103 nu am considerat furajul ca un factor major de risc – \u0219tiam c\u0103 poate fi contaminat, dar eram preocupa\u021bi mai mult de infectarea lui cu salmonella, mucegaiuri sau de furajul alterat\u201d, spune dr. Pitkin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eAcum c\u0103 \u00een\u021belegem c\u0103 unii agen\u021bi patogeni, cum ar fi PED sau anumite tulpini de PRRS, pot rezista \u00een furaj mai mult timp, apar noi tehnologii pentru tratarea, stocarea sau procesarea furajelor \u00een mod diferit. Tehnologii privind reducerea modului de transmitere a agen\u021bilor patogeni sunt \u00een prezent \u00een dezvoltare.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Produc\u0103torii dispun \u00een prezent, \u00een compara\u021bie cu acum 10 ani, de mai mul\u021bi dezinfectan\u021bi: \u201eDiferitele tehnologii de dezinfec\u021bie ofer\u0103 produc\u0103torilor mai multe op\u021biuni privind eficien\u021ba lor pe anumite suprafe\u021be \u0219i asupra unor agen\u021bi patogeni diferi\u021bi.\u201d \u00cen plus, dr. Pitkin consider\u0103 c\u0103 industria adopt\u0103 o abordare mai holistic\u0103 a s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii efectivelor \u0219i biosecurit\u0103\u021bii, analiz\u00e2nd combina\u021bia de agen\u021bi patogeni din ferm\u0103, mai degrab\u0103 dec\u00e2t fiecare \u00een parte. De asemenea, se pune accentul tot mai mult pe limitarea accesului agen\u021bilor patogeni prin dotarea fermelor cu sisteme de filtrare a aerului. \u201eEste \u00eentotdeauna mai bine s\u0103 ne concentr\u0103m asupra izol\u0103rii, dec\u00e2t asupra decontamin\u0103rii\u201d, spune ea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comunicarea este important\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Proprietarii de ferme au implementat modalit\u0103\u021bi eficiente de comunicare a importan\u021bei biosecurit\u0103\u021bii c\u0103tre personalul din ferme, au f\u0103cut investi\u021bii \u00een protejarea fermelor lor. Ei sunt preocupa\u021bi de \u00eentreb\u0103ri precum:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  • Cum implementez protocoalele \u0219i procedurile \u00een modul cel mai eficient din punct de vedere al costurilor pentru a preveni transmiterea bolilor?<\/li>
  • Cum le facilitez angaja\u021bilor s\u0103 \u00eendeplineasc\u0103 aceste sarcini \u00een cel mai simplu \u0219i eficient mod<\/li>
  • posibil?<\/li>
  • Cum \u00eemi organizez fluxul \u0219i facilit\u0103\u021bile \u00eentr-un mod care s\u0103 le permit\u0103 angaja\u021bilor s\u0103-\u0219i fac\u0103<\/li>
  • munca \u00een mod eficient pun\u00e2nd accent pe practicile de biosecuritate?<\/li>
  • Cum implementez un sistem de \u00eenc\u0103rcare \u00een dou\u0103 etape, cu por\u021bi a\u0219ezate strategic, pentru a se asigura c\u0103 porcii nu pot reintra \u00een cl\u0103dire?<\/li>
  • Ce schimb\u0103ri sunt necesare \u00een zona de \u00eenc\u0103rcare care s\u0103 permit\u0103 angaja\u021bilor s\u0103 \u00eendeplineasc\u0103 \u00een siguran\u021b\u0103 sarcinile necesare pentru livrare \u0219i \u00eenc\u0103rcare?<\/li>
  • Cum m\u0103 feresc de contaminarea zonei de du\u0219?<\/li>
  • Dispun de camere de fumigare, de spa\u021biu de dezinfectare \u0219i p\u0103strare o perioad\u0103 de timp pentru instrumente, echipamente \u0219i provizii ce intr\u0103 \u00een ferm\u0103?<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    \u201eM\u0103surile de biosecuritate de succes includ procese \u0219i proceduri care au dou\u0103 sau trei puncte de oprire a intr\u0103rii agen\u021bilor patogeni \u00een ferm\u0103,\u201d spune Dr. Pitkin, \u201e\u00cens\u0103 aceste m\u0103suri determin\u0103 o implementare a proceselor simpl\u0103 \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 cusur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Diseminarea<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Dr. Pitkin este pasionat\u0103 de biosecuritate \u0219i \u0219tie c\u00e2t de important este aceasta pentru companie, precum \u0219i pentru industrie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u201eDac\u0103 lucrurile pe care le sugerez \u00eempiedic\u0103 o epidemie \u00een ferm\u0103, aceasta reprezint\u0103 o mare realizare, deoarece cred cu adev\u0103rat \u00een conceptul de preven\u021bie\u201d, spune dr. Pitkin. \u201eEste mai bine s\u0103 prevenim o boal\u0103 dec\u00e2t s\u0103 ajungem s\u0103 o trat\u0103m. Orice m\u0103suri luate de ferme pentru a se proteja sunt esen\u021biale pentru s\u0103n\u0103tatea \u0219i succesul acestora. „<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Implementarea unei culturi de bune practici de biosecuritate \u00eenseamn\u0103, \u00een final, un status de s\u0103n\u0103tate mai bun \u00een ferm\u0103 \u0219i mai multe oportunit\u0103\u021bi pentru produc\u0103tori.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Pa\u0219i importan\u021bi de urmat<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    \u00cen cazul \u00een care nu pute\u021bi face izolarea, trebuie s\u0103 v\u0103 baza\u021bi pe decontaminare, spune dr. Andrea
    Pitkin. Ea recomand\u0103:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    • Nu folosi\u021bi acelea\u0219i remorci pentru livrarea animalelor din ferm\u0103 c\u0103tre abatoare sau alte ferme \u0219i pentru introducerea scrofi\u021belor \u00een efectiv. Dac\u0103 nu ave\u021bi o alt\u0103 op\u021biune, Pitkin spune c\u0103 ar trebui s\u0103 decontamina\u021bi mijloacele de transport \u00een mod adecvat \u0219i s\u0103 aloca\u021bi o perioad\u0103 de pauz\u0103 c\u00e2t mai lung\u0103 posibil pentru mijlocul de transport.<\/li>
    • Asigura\u021bi-v\u0103 c\u0103 verifica\u021bi fabricile de furaje pe care le utiliza\u021bi \u0219i c\u0103 \u00een\u021belege\u021bi foarte bine procesele de manipulare a materiilor prime.<\/li>
    • Comunica\u021bi permanent cu furnizorul de furaje pentru a stabili programul de livrare. Pitkin v\u0103 sugereaz\u0103 s\u0103 verifica\u021bi dac\u0103 ferma dumneavoastr\u0103 poate fi prima la livrare \u00een program.
      \u201eDesigur, toat\u0103 lumea vrea asta, dar e bine s\u0103 \u0219ti\u021bi prin ce ferme a mai trecut camionul de furaj \u00eenainte s\u0103 ajung\u0103 la ferma dumneavoastr\u0103.\u201d<\/li>
    • Nu este vorba doar de furaje. Analiza\u021bi toate livr\u0103rile ce se fac la ferme (lua\u021bi spre exemplu numai curierii). \u201eAr fi mai bine s\u0103 ridica\u021bi marfa livrat\u0103 c\u00e2t mai departe de ferm\u0103.\u201d<\/li>
    • Pitkin mai spune \u201eDac\u0103 nu pute\u021bi angaja pe cineva care are grij\u0103 doar de unitatea dumneavoastr\u0103 de carantin\u0103, asigura\u021bi-v\u0103 c\u0103 angaja\u021bii din ferm\u0103 ajung \u00een unitatea de carantin\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul zilei. Defini\u021bi procesele de izolare \u0219i decontaminare pentru a v\u0103 men\u021bine unitatea de carantin\u0103 separat\u0103 de ferma principal\u0103 pe c\u00e2t pute\u021bi. „<\/li>
    • \u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te echipamentele, Pitkin recomand\u0103 s\u0103 include\u021bi protocoale de decontaminare obligatorii \u0219i perioade de a\u0219teptare \u00eenainte ca acestea s\u0103 fie introduse \u00een ferm\u0103. Men\u021bine\u021bi curat\u0103 zona de du\u0219 pentru ca oamenii s\u0103 poat\u0103 face du\u0219 \u00een mod corespunz\u0103tor. De asemenea, \u201easigura\u021bi-v\u0103 c\u0103 oamenii care lucreaz\u0103 la ferma dumneavoastr\u0103 nu vor merge la alte ferme de porci sau nu au porci acas\u0103\u201d, spune ea. \u201eS-ar putea s\u0103 nu fie \u00eentotdeauna posibil acest lucru \u00een func\u021bie de locul \u00een care v\u0103 afla\u021bi \u0219i de for\u021ba de munc\u0103 disponibil\u0103, dar identifica\u021bi ce perioad\u0103 de a\u0219teptare trebuie s\u0103 impune\u021bi \u0219i care sunt cele mai bune procese de decontaminare.\u201d<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      Pitkin spune c\u0103 este vorba despre \u00een\u021belegerea factorilor cu risc sc\u0103zut sau cu risc ridicat, \u00een func\u021bie de starea fermei dumneavoastr\u0103 la un moment dat. \u201eVe\u021bi fi mai bine preg\u0103ti\u021bi dac\u0103 v\u0103 ve\u021bi g\u00e2ndi la to\u021bi vectorii \u0219i la toate c\u0103ile de transmitere \u0219i dac\u0103 v\u0103 ve\u021bi face o strategie\u201d, spune ea.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce pesta porcin\u0103 african\u0103 (ASF) \u00ee\u0219i continu\u0103 r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea mortal\u0103 \u00een Asia \u0219i Europa, apar tot mai multe discu\u021bii…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":5040,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"resource-category":[25],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPIC Romainia DEV<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/genus-develop.go-vip.co\/pic-ro\/resources\/biosecuritatea-mai-importanta-decat-oricand\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Biosecuritatea: Mai important\u0103 dec\u00e2t oric\u00e2nd\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce pesta porcin\u0103 african\u0103 (ASF) \u00ee\u0219i continu\u0103 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